Rambo 3 Full Movie In Hindi Watch Online Free Download
Rambo 4 2008 Full Film Watch Online Free Hindi Dubbed Hollywood Action Movie rambo 4 2008 full movie in hindi, Rambo (2008) Rambo is a film series based on the David Morrell novel First Blood and starring Sylvester Stallone as John Rambo, a troubled Vietnam War veteran and former U.S. Army Special Forces soldier who is skilled in many aspects of survival, weaponry, hand-to-hand combat and guerrilla warfare. The series consists of the films First Blood (1982), Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985), Rambo III (1988) and Rambo (2008). Main article: Rambo (2008 film) The film opens with news footage of the crisis in Burma. Burma (also known as Myanmar) is under the iron fist rule of Than Shwe and takes harsher stances against the nation’s pro-democracy movement. Rebels are thrown into a mine-infested marsh and then gunned down by a Burmese army unit, overseen by Major Pa Tee Tint. Soldier John Rambo still lives in Thailand, now residing in a village near the Burmese border and makes a living capturing snakes and selling them in a nearby village.
A missionary, Michael Burnett (Paul Schulze), asks Rambo to take him and his associates down the Salween River to Burma on a humanitarian mission to help the Karen people. Rambo initially refuses but is convinced by another missionary in the group, Sarah Miller (Julie Benz), to take them. The boat is stopped by pirates who demand Sarah in exchange for passage. After taking advantage of the pirates’ complacency, Rambo kills them all. Although his actions save the missionaries, it greatly disturbs them. Upon arrival, Michael says that they will travel by road and will not need Rambo’s help for the return trip.
Film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of still images that when shown on a screen create an illusion of motion images.
The mission goes well until the Burmese army, led by Major Tint, attacks the village, killing most of the villagers and two missionaries, and capturing the rest. When the missionaries fail to come back after ten days, their pastor, Arthur Marsh (Ken Howard), comes to Rambo to ask for his help in guiding hired mercenaries to the village where the missionaries were last seen. Troubled by Sarah’s potential fate, Rambo decides to accompany the soldiers. After seeing the destroyed village filled with mutilated humans and animals, Rambo encourages the team to move on. Hijacking a truck, they create a plan to save the hostages at the P.O.W. Camp, doing so within fifteen minutes to avoid alerting the army.
Rambo helps Sarah and the others to escape. The Burmese Army (Tatmadaw) unit finds their hostages missing and organizes a massive manhunt. Everyone except for Rambo, Sarah, and “School Boy”, the mercenary team’s sniper, is captured. Just as the group is to be executed, Rambo hijacks a truck-mounted.50-caliber machine gun and engages the Burmese army. A group of Karen rebels joins the fight to help Rambo and the mercenaries defeat the Burmese unit. Seeing that the battle is lost, Major Tint decides to flee, only to run into Rambo’s machete, which Rambo then uses to disembowel the Major. Encouraged by Sarah’s words, Rambo returns to the United States.
The last scene shows him walking along a rural highway, past a horse farm and a rusted mailbox with the name “R. Rambo” on it. He makes his way down the gravel driveway as the credits roll.
Sometimes from 1878 is cited as the earliest film. Film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of still images that when shown on a create an illusion of motion images (due to the ). This causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The process of is both an and an.
A film is created by actual scenes with a; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional techniques; by means of and; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other. The word ' cinema', short for, is often used to refer to the industry of films and filmmaking or to the art of filmmaking itself.
The contemporary definition of cinema is the art of simulating experiences to communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty or atmosphere by the means of recorded or programmed moving images along with other sensory stimulations. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a process and then shown through a onto a large screen. Contemporary films are now often through the entire process of production, distribution, and exhibition from start to finish, while films recorded in a photochemical form traditionally included an analogous, which is a graphic of the spoken words, music and other that accompany the images.
It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected. Films are created by specific. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Jana Gana Mana Free Download A R Rahman. Film is considered to be an important form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for —or —citizens.
The visual basis of film gives it a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using or to the dialog into the language of the viewer. Some have criticized the film industry's glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called. During projection of traditional films, a rotating shutter causes intervals of darkness as each frame, in turn, is moved into position to be projected, but the viewer does not notice the interruptions because of an effect known as, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. The perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called. The name 'film' originates from the fact that (also called ) has historically been the for recording and displaying motion pictures.
Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay, and flick. The most common term in the is movie, while in film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the silver screen, the movies, and cinema; the latter is commonly used in scholarly texts and critical essays, especially by European writers. In early years, the word sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. The was the site of the first ever, with a short film presented by the on 1 November 1895. (This picture depicts a July 1940 at the theater.) Preceding technologies Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early and had elements common to film:,,,,,,, and. Much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as (roughly, the entire visual picture at any one time).
Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images and sounds could not be recorded for replaying as with film. The, probably created by in the 1650s, could be used to project, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides. Typically, two glass slides, one with the stationary part of the picture and the other with the part that was to move, would be placed one on top of the other and projected together, then the moving slide would be hand-operated, either directly or by means of a lever or other mechanism. Chromotrope slides, which produced eye-dazzling displays of continuously cycling abstract geometrical patterns and colors, were operated by means of a small crank and pulley wheel that rotated a glass disc. In the mid-19th century, inventions such as 's and the later demonstrated that a carefully designed sequence of drawings, showing phases of the changing appearance of objects in motion, would appear to show the objects actually moving if they were displayed one after the other at a sufficiently rapid rate.
These devices relied on the phenomenon of to make the display appear continuous even though the observer's view was actually blocked as each drawing rotated into the location where its predecessor had just been glimpsed. Each sequence was limited to a small number of drawings, usually twelve, so it could only show endlessly repeating cyclical motions. By the late 1880s, the last major device of this type, the, had been elaborated into a form that employed a long coiled band containing hundreds of images painted on glass and used the elements of a to project them onto a screen. The use of sequences of in such devices was initially limited to a few experiments with subjects photographed in a series of poses because the available were not sensitive enough to allow the short needed to photograph subjects that were actually moving. The sensitivity was gradually improved and in the late 1870s, created the first animated image sequences photographed in real-time. A row of cameras was used, each, in turn, capturing one image on a, so the total number of images in each sequence was limited by the number of cameras, about two dozen at most.
Muybridge used his system to analyze the movements of a wide variety of animal and human subjects. Hand-painted images based on the photographs were projected as moving images by means of his. A clip from the silent film (1918) The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the outbreak of, while the film industry in the United States flourished with the rise of, typified most prominently by the innovative work of in (1915) and (1916). However, in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as, and, in many ways inspired by the meteoric wartime progress of film through Griffith, along with the contributions of, and others, quickly caught up with American film-making and continued to further advance the medium.
Sound In the 1920s, the development of electronic technologies made it practical to incorporate a of speech, music and synchronized with the action on the screen. [ ] The resulting were initially distinguished from the usual silent 'moving pictures' or 'movies' by calling them 'talking pictures' or 'talkies.' [ ] The revolution they wrought was swift. By 1930, silent film was practically extinct in the US and already being referred to as 'the old medium.' [ ] Colour Another major technological development was the introduction of ',' which meant color that was photographically recorded from nature rather than added to black-and-white prints by hand-coloring, stencil-coloring or other arbitrary procedures, although the earliest processes typically yielded colors which were far from 'natural' in appearance. [ ] While the advent of sound films quickly made silent films and theater musicians obsolete, color replaced black-and-white much more gradually. [ ] The pivotal innovation was the introduction of the three-strip version of the process, first used for animated cartoons in 1932, then also for live-action and isolated sequences in a few, then for an entire feature film,, in 1935.
The expense of the process was daunting, but favorable public response in the form of increased receipts usually justified the added cost. The number of films made in color slowly increased year after year. 1950s developments In the early 1950s, the proliferation of black-and-white television started seriously depressing North American theater attendance. [ ] In an attempt to lure audiences back into theaters, bigger screens were installed, processes,, and were introduced, and more films were made in color, which soon became the rule rather than the exception. Some important mainstream Hollywood films were still being made in black-and-white as late as the mid-1960s, but they marked the end of an era. Color television receivers had been available in the US since the mid-1950s, but at first, they were very expensive and few broadcasts were in color.
During the 1960s, prices gradually came down, color broadcasts became common, and sales boomed. The overwhelming public verdict in favor of color was clear. After the final flurry of black-and-white films had been released in mid-decade, all Hollywood studio productions were filmed in color, with rare exceptions reluctantly made only at the insistence of 'star' directors such as and. [ ] 1960s and later The decades following the decline of the in the 1960s saw changes in the production and style of film. Various New Wave movements (including the,,, and ) and the rise of film-school-educated independent filmmakers contributed to the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. [ ] Digital technology has been the driving force for change throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s. Digital 3D projection largely replaced earlier problem-prone 3D film systems and has become popular in the early 2010s.
[ ] Film theory. Main articles: and 'Film theory' seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as. The concept of film as an art-form began with 's The Birth of the Sixth Art., led by,, and, emphasized how film differed from reality and thus could be considered a valid. Reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality, not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by 's psychoanalysis and 's among other things has given rise to,,, and others. On the other hand, critics from the tradition, influenced by, try to clarify misconceptions used in theoretical studies and produce analysis of a film's vocabulary and its link to a. Language Film is considered to have its own.
Wrote a classic text on film theory, titled 'How to Read a Film,' that addresses this. Director famously said, ' for me is the greatest, the one who invented a new language, true to the nature of film, as it captures life as a reflection, life as a dream.' An example of the language is a sequence of back and forth images of one speaking actor's left profile, followed by another speaking actor's right profile, then a repetition of this, which is a language understood by the audience to indicate a conversation. This describes another theory of film, the, as a visual story-telling device with an ability to place a viewer in a context of being psychologically present through the use of visual composition and editing. The ' includes this narrative theory, due to the overwhelming practice of the rule by movie studios based in Hollywood, California, during film's classical era. Another example of cinematic language is having a shot that zooms in on the forehead of an actor with an expression of silent reflection that cuts to a shot of a younger actor who vaguely resembles the first actor, indicating that the first person is remembering a past self, an edit of compositions that causes a time transition. Main article: Montage is the technique by which separate pieces of film are selected, edited, and then pieced together to make a new section of film.
A scene could show a man going into battle, with flashbacks to his youth and to his home-life and with added special effects, placed into the film after filming is complete. As these were all filmed separately, and perhaps with different actors, the final version is called a montage. Directors developed a theory of montage, beginning with and the complex juxtaposition of images in his film. Incorporation of musical and visual, and scene development through,, and effects has led to more complex techniques comparable to those used in and. Film criticism.
Main article: Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers,, and mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate their opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on the audience response and attendance at films, especially those of certain. Mass marketed,, and tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film and the assessment of the director's and screenwriters' work that makes up the majority of most film reviews can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most and, the influence of reviews is important.
Poor reviews from leading critics at major papers and magazines will often reduce audience interest and attendance. The impact of a reviewer on a given film's performance is a matter of debate. Some observers claim that in the 2000s is so intense, well-coordinated and well financed that reviewers cannot prevent a poorly written or filmed from attaining market success.
However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily promoted films which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent films indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Other observers note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film.
However, this usually backfires, as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result. Journalist film critics are sometimes called film reviewers. Critics who take a more academic approach to films, through publishing in film journals and writing books about films using or approaches, study how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their reviews published in newspapers or appearing on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals or up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities as professors or instructors. The near was the first large-scale film studio in the world (founded 1912) and the forerunner to. It still produces global blockbusters every year.
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import, and screen additional product commercially. The of 1898 [ ] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced.
Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major and commanded huge fees for their performances. By 1917 had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars. From 1931 to 1956, film was also the only image storage and playback system for until the introduction of.
In the United States, much of the film industry is centered around. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as -centered, the cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world. Though the expense involved in making films has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish. Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large, an example being 's.
Programs Help Mortgage Debt To Income. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The (also known as 'the Oscars') are the most prominent film awards in the, providing recognition each year to films, based on their artistic merits. There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Revenue in the industry is sometimes volatile due to the reliance on released in. The rise of alternative home entertainment has raised questions about the future of the cinema industry, and Hollywood employment has become less reliable, particularly for medium and low-budget films. Associated fields.
Main article: A preview performance refers to a showing of a film to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections based on the. One example of a film that was changed after a negative response from the test screening is 1982's. After the test audience responded very negatively to the death of protagonist, a, at the end of the film, the company wrote and re-shot a new ending in which the character survives. Trailer and teaser. Main article: Trailers or previews are advertisements for films that will be shown in 1 to 3 months at a cinema.
Back in the early days of cinema, with theaters that had only one or two screens, only certain trailers were shown for the films that were going to be shown there. Later, when theaters added more screens or new theaters were built with a lot of screens, all different trailers were shown even if they weren't going to play that film in that theater.
Film studios realized that the more trailers that were shown (even if it wasn't going to be shown in that particular theater) the more patrons would go to a different theater to see the film when it came out. The term 'trailer' comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film program. That practice did not last long because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the 'A film' in a program) begins. Film trailers are also common on and, as well as on the Internet and mobile devices. Trailers are created to be engaging and interesting for viewers. As a result, in the Internet era, viewers often seek out trailers to watch them.
Of the ten billion videos watched online annually in 2008, film trailers ranked third, after news and user-created videos. Teasers are a much shorter preview or advertisement that lasts only 10 to 30 seconds. Teasers are used to get patrons excited about a film coming out in the next six to twelve months. Teasers may be produced even before the film production is completed. Education and propaganda. Main articles: and Film is used for a range of goals, including education and propaganda.
When the purpose is primarily educational, a film is called an '. Examples are recordings of academic lectures and experiments, or a film based on a classic novel. Film may be, in whole or in part, such as the films made by in Nazi Germany, US war film trailers during World War II, or artistic films made under Stalin. They may also be works of political protest, as in the films of, or more subtly, the films of. The same film may be considered educational by some, and propaganda by others as the categorization of a film can be subjective.
Main article: At its core, the means to produce a film depend on the content the filmmaker wishes to show, and the apparatus for displaying it: the merely requires a series of images on a strip of paper. Film production can, therefore, take as little as one person with a camera (or even without a camera, as in 's 1963 film ), or thousands of actors, extras, and crew members for a live-action, feature-length epic. The necessary steps for almost any film can be boiled down to conception, planning, execution, revision, and distribution. The more involved the production, the more significant each of the steps becomes. In a typical of a Hollywood-style film, these main stages are defined as: • • • • • This production cycle usually takes three years. The first year is taken up with development.
The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
The bigger the production, the more resources it takes, and the more important becomes; most are artistic works from the creators' perspective (e.g.,,, ) and for-profit business entities for the production companies. Main article: A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the 'production' or 'photography' phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew is distinguished from cast, who are the who appear in front of the or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as and. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well-defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects.
(known in the film industry as 'craft services') are usually not considered part of the crew. See also: consists of transparent,, or coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as prints. Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked and; though 1000 frames per minute (16⅔ frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown). When was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second were chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality.
[ ] Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras – allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design – allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large 'blimps' to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated and, allowing to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures, many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously. As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into presentations and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most films on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films.
Some studios save color films through the use of: three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation.
Of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black-and-white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using technology similar to that used in. Modern and are gaining ground as well. These approaches are preferred by some film-makers, especially because footage shot with can be evaluated and edited with (NLE) without waiting for the film stock to be processed. The migration was gradual, and as of 2005, most major motion pictures were still shot on film. [ ] Independent.
Were the first filmmakers; as such, they made their films as independents, without support from a studio, as at that time the major film studios did not exist. Independent filmmaking often takes place outside Hollywood, or other major.
An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a. Creative, business and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also lead to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).
A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. But the advent of consumer in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to film production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; in the 2000s, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based. Technologies such as, connections and a wide variety of professional and consumer-grade make film-making relatively affordable. Since the introduction of digital video technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot a film with a digital video camera and edit the film, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a high-end home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system.
Most independent filmmakers rely on to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video websites such as and has further changed the filmmaking landscape, enabling indie filmmakers to make their films available to the public. Open content film. Main articles: and Film distribution is the process through which a film is made available for viewing by an. This is normally the task of a professional, who would determine the marketing strategy of the film, the media by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing, and may set the and other matters. The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a (historically the main way films were distributed) or for (including on or,, online, through etc.). Other ways of distributing a film include rental or personal purchase of the film in a variety of media and formats, such as tape or, or of using a computer.
An animated image of a horse, made using eight pictures. Animation is a technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see and ), and then photographing the result with a special. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the ). Generating such a film is very labor-intensive and tedious, though the development of has greatly sped up the process. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for and films comes from professional animation studios.
However, the field of has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using 'short cuts' in the animation process. This method was pioneered by and popularized by in the, and by in, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from to. Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film.
Camera-less animation, made famous by film-makers like,, and, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector. See also • • • basic genre • basic genre • genre • Lists.
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